1ST CITY CLINICAL HOSPITAL

• 1504: Italian anatomist Fallopio developed a condom made from flax.
• In the 18th century, such linen condoms were used by the famous Italian seducer Casanova.
• Rubber condoms were introduced in 1880. In the 1930s, with the discovery of latex, condom technology was greatly improved.

1901: First serious research into hormonal contraception. Physiologist Haberland substantiated that menstruation is regulated by hormones that are produced in the brain and ovaries of women

1919 Haberland proved that transplanting the ovaries of pregnant rabbits into non-pregnant ones leads to suppression of ovulation in the latter.

Thus, a principle was discovered that became the basis of hormonal contraceptives.

1929: Future Nobel laureate biochemist Adolf Butenandt (1903 - 1995) during his research isolated estrone, the first female sex hormone.

1936: American scientists proved the ability of progesterone to suppress ovulation

1951: In Mexico City, chemist Carl Djerassi synthesizes norethindrone, the first oral active progestogen.

1956 The first clinical trials of hormonal contraceptives are conducted with the participation of 60 female volunteers.

TYPES OF CONTRACEPTION:

1) SURGICAL

• FEMALE STERILIZATION
• VASECTOMY IN MEN

2) NON-SURGICAL

• NATURAL
• BARRIER
• CHEMICAL
• INTRAUTERINE
• HORMONAL
• EMERGENCY

Natural contraception has the following disadvantages:

• pregnancy occurs in almost 50% of cases;
• does not protect against sexually transmitted infections;
• difficulties in determining dangerous days, especially for women with an irregular cycle;
• Requires up to three months of instruction and counseling;
• tension often arises due to uncertainty about the effectiveness of the methods used;

BARRIER CONTRACEPTION

There are:

• male barrier method - condom (Innotex, Durex, Contex, Vizit, Life Styles, Sico, Trojan, etc.);
• female barrier methods - diaphragm (Ortho), cervical cap (Femcap, Prentif, etc.), Reality female condom, as well as spermicidal agents used in combination with them or separately in various forms (vaginal tablets, capsules, suppositories, pastes, foams - Pharmatex, Patentex-oval, Nonoxynol, etc.).

CHEMICAL CONTRACEPTION:

contraceptive creams, contraceptive tampons, contraceptive sponge. The constant use of chemical contraceptives is not recommended, since with prolonged use they can change the microflora of the vagina, and allergic reactions to chemical contraceptives may occur.

INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTION:

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) - Small, bendable plastic devices that are inserted into the uterine cavity.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION:

Currently, hormonal drugs can be divided into

• Oral contraceptives:
  • combined (estrogen-progestogen);
  • progestational
• Long-acting contraceptives:
  • injection
  • subcutaneous implants
  • skin patches
  • vaginal ring

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION:

If 5 minutes to one hour has passed after sexual intercourse, then douching can be used. Boiled water, a weak solution of lemon juice, and diluted spermicides can remove sperm from the vagina, but not from the fallopian tubes, and the mucous membrane will suffer greatly. According to the Yusp method, it is recommended to take medications containing large amounts of estrogen and progestogen; in this case, you will have to forget about feeling good for some time.

For the purpose of contraception in the postpartum period, barrier methods (condom) and chemical methods of contraception (spermicidal creams, tablets and suppositories), oral contraceptives containing gestagens (Laktinet) for up to 6 months, as well as intrauterine contraceptives (intrauterine device) can be used. . For the purpose of contraception in the postpartum period, it is not recommended to use the physiological method due to the irregular release of gonadotropins and the possible absence of regular menstruation.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTRACEPTION METHODS:

The reliability of contraceptives is assessed using the Pearl index - this is the number of unwanted pregnancies per 100 women using this method within one year.

Among this variety of contraceptive methods, our clinic staff will help you choose the safest and most effective!