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Anesthesiologist-resuscitator for children Zhukovskaya A.A. departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation (with resuscitation and intensive care wards for newborns) of the health care institution “1st City Clinical Hospital”.
The transition from intrauterine development to life in the outside world is associated with major changes in almost all organs and systems of the newborn’s body. And although these changes are inherent in nature, a certain time must pass for the baby to adapt to them - this is called transient states. Transient states (also called physiological) are reactions of the newborn’s body that develop after birth and are associated with adaptation to extrauterine existence. These conditions do not require treatment. Let's list the most common ones.
Violation of thermoregulation. Transient hypothermia is a decrease in body temperature in the first half hour after birth to 35.5-35.8 o C, which returns to normal by 5-6 hours of life. Transient hyperthermia - an increase in temperature to 38.5-39.5 on days 3-5 of life. Causes may include overheating or dehydration. Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure a suitable temperature in the room (20-22 0 C for full-term babies, 23-24 0 C for premature babies), protect them from overheating and drafts, and dress according to the weather.
Transient loss of initial body weight. The maximum weight loss on days 3-4, as a rule, does not exceed 6% in healthy newborns. Weight restoration occurs in 7-10 days. Causes: unsteady lactation of the mother and the baby’s nutrition, meconium excretion. Rapid restoration of the baby's weight is facilitated by early breastfeeding, free feeding, compliance with the thermal regime, prevention of hypogalactia in the mother, and rational care of the baby.
Hormonal crisis. The reason is estrogens, which are transferred to the child from the mother at the end of pregnancy. Breast engorgement (in almost all girls and half of boys) appears from 3-4 days; on days 4-10, girls may have milky-white discharge from the mammary gland. Under no circumstances should they be squeezed out. This can cause pain to your baby and lead to infection. In most cases, all of the above treatment does not require. But, if the engorgement of the mammary glands becomes significant, and the skin over them is red and hot to the touch, the body temperature rises and the child behaves restlessly, then a consultation with a pediatrician is necessary.Desquamative vulvovaginitis is a gray-white discharge from the genital opening. Occurs in girls in 60-70% of cases. Hygienic care and regular washing are required. Metrorrhagia (bleeding from the vagina), occurs in 5%. Milia (acne) are white-yellow nodules on the wings of the nose and bridge of the nose, in the forehead and chin. The formations are accumulations of sebum that have not reached the surface of the epidermis. No special treatment is required.
Transient features of kidney function. Transient oliguria (in the first day the child urinates very little). Uric acid infarction is manifested by pink-orange stains on the diaper, which is associated with the excretion of uric acid salts in the urine. By day 5 this usually goes away and the urine becomes straw-yellow in color. If the color of urine does not return to normal by the end of the second week of life, you should consult a pediatrician for advice.
Transient changes in the skin. Simple erythema is redness of the skin after birth. Disappears by the end of the first week. Peeling of the skin most often occurs 3-5 days after simple erythema, as well as in post-term infants. Toxic erythema (red spots with white or yellowish nodules) appears on days 2-5, disappears after a week, but can sometimes persist during the first month of life. The condition of the children is not impaired and no treatment is required. Occurs in 20-30% of newborns.
Transient hyperbilirubinemia (physiological jaundice of newborns). An increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood, yellowness of the skin (60-70%) on 2-3 days. Disappears by the end of the first week. The physiological process of destruction of red blood cells and the release of indirect bilirubin from them, as well as the immaturity of the liver enzyme system, leads to the accumulation of indirect bilirubin in the blood and skin, giving the latter a jaundiced tint. Sometimes transient jaundice has a protracted course. In this case, it is necessary to observe a pediatrician with an examination to exclude pathological conditions. Jaundice can also be pathological (for example, the mother is Rh-negative, the child is Rh-positive or the mother is group I (0), and the baby is any other) and requires treatment.
Anesthesiologist-resuscitator for children Zhukovskaya A.A. departments of anesthesiology and resuscitation (with resuscitation and intensive care wards for newborns) of the health care institution “1st City Clinical Hospital”.
The transition from intrauterine development to life in the outside world is associated with major changes in almost all organs and systems of the newborn’s body. And although these changes are inherent in nature, a certain time must pass for the baby to adapt to them - this is called transient states. Transient states (also called physiological) are reactions of the newborn’s body that develop after birth and are associated with adaptation to extrauterine existence. These conditions do not require treatment. Let's list the most common ones.
Violation of thermoregulation. Transient hypothermia is a decrease in body temperature in the first half hour after birth to 35.5-35.8 o C, which returns to normal by 5-6 hours of life. Transient hyperthermia - an increase in temperature to 38.5-39.5 on days 3-5 of life. Causes may include overheating or dehydration. Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure a suitable temperature in the room (20-22 0 C for full-term babies, 23-24 0 C for premature babies), protect them from overheating and drafts, and dress according to the weather.
Transient loss of initial body weight. The maximum weight loss on days 3-4, as a rule, does not exceed 6% in healthy newborns. Weight restoration occurs in 7-10 days. Causes: unsteady lactation of the mother and the baby’s nutrition, meconium excretion. Rapid restoration of the baby's weight is facilitated by early breastfeeding, free feeding, compliance with the thermal regime, prevention of hypogalactia in the mother, and rational care of the baby.
Hormonal crisis. The reason is estrogens, which are transferred to the child from the mother at the end of pregnancy. Breast engorgement (in almost all girls and half of boys) appears from 3-4 days; on days 4-10, girls may have milky-white discharge from the mammary gland. Under no circumstances should they be squeezed out. This can cause pain to your baby and lead to infection. In most cases, all of the above treatment does not require. But, if the engorgement of the mammary glands becomes significant, and the skin over them is red and hot to the touch, the body temperature rises and the child behaves restlessly, then a consultation with a pediatrician is necessary.Desquamative vulvovaginitis is a gray-white discharge from the genital opening. Occurs in girls in 60-70% of cases. Hygienic care and regular washing are required. Metrorrhagia (bleeding from the vagina), occurs in 5%. Milia (acne) are white-yellow nodules on the wings of the nose and bridge of the nose, in the forehead and chin. The formations are accumulations of sebum that have not reached the surface of the epidermis. No special treatment is required.
Transient features of kidney function. Transient oliguria (in the first day the child urinates very little). Uric acid infarction is manifested by pink-orange stains on the diaper, which is associated with the excretion of uric acid salts in the urine. By day 5 this usually goes away and the urine becomes straw-yellow in color. If the color of urine does not return to normal by the end of the second week of life, you should consult a pediatrician for advice.
Transient changes in the skin. Simple erythema is redness of the skin after birth. Disappears by the end of the first week. Peeling of the skin most often occurs 3-5 days after simple erythema, as well as in post-term infants. Toxic erythema (red spots with white or yellowish nodules) appears on days 2-5, disappears after a week, but can sometimes persist during the first month of life. The condition of the children is not impaired and no treatment is required. Occurs in 20-30% of newborns.
Transient hyperbilirubinemia (physiological jaundice of newborns). An increase in the level of bilirubin in the blood, yellowness of the skin (60-70%) on 2-3 days. Disappears by the end of the first week. The physiological process of destruction of red blood cells and the release of indirect bilirubin from them, as well as the immaturity of the liver enzyme system, leads to the accumulation of indirect bilirubin in the blood and skin, giving the latter a jaundiced tint. Sometimes transient jaundice has a protracted course. In this case, it is necessary to observe a pediatrician with an examination to exclude pathological conditions. Jaundice can also be pathological (for example, the mother is Rh-negative, the child is Rh-positive or the mother is group I (0), and the baby is any other) and requires treatment.
